المكتبة المركزية - الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة

Vitamin D level in Gestational Diabetic Patients from Gaza Strip

Chapter 2 Literature Review6

2.1 Definition of Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes6

2.2 Prevalence and mortality rate of diabetes mellitus6

2.3 Types of diabetes mellitus7

2.3.1 Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)7

2.3.2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus7

2.3.3 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus8

2.4 Rare types of Diabetes Mellitus11

2.4.1 Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)11

2.4.2 Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)12

2.5 Vitamin D12

2.5.1 Definition and Structure12

2.5.2 Activation of Vitamin D13

2.5.3 Genetic regulation of Vitamin D Levels13

2.5.4 Molecular mechanisms of Vitamin D actions:16

2.5.5 Sources of Vitamin D16

2.5.6 Physiological functions of vitamin D20

2.5.7 Relationship between 25(OH)D levels and diabetes or insulin resistance23

2.6 Signs of vitamin D deficiency25

2.6.1 Susceptibility to infections25

2.6.2 Fatigue and Tiredness25

2.6.3 Bone and Back Pain25

2.6.4 Depression25

2.6.5 Impaired Wound Healing25

2.6.6 Bone Loss26

2.6.7 Hair Loss26

2.6.8 Muscle Pain26

2.7 Previous Studies26

Chapter 3 Methodology30

3.1 Study design30

3.2 Study setting/data sources30

3.3 Study population31

3.4 Samples collection and processing31

3.5 Exclusion Criteria31

3.6 Resources and equipment32

3.7 Sample analysis33

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