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A Comparative Study of Photovoltaic Solar Systems Installed in Gaza Strip
Chapter Two: Photovoltaic Solar System Components 8
2.1 Introduction9
2.2 Photovoltaic cell9
2.2.1 PV cell basics9
2.2.2 Different generations of solar cells10
2.2.3 Equivalent model of PV module13
2.2.4 Characteristic curves of a PV module15
2.3 Battery17
2.3.1 Battery types17
2.3.2 Battery performance17
2.3.3 Battery charging18
2.3.4 Battery discharging19
2.4 Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)20
2.5 Charger21
2.5.1 DC-DC converter21
2.5.2 Charge controller types22
2.6 Inverter23
2.6.1 Inverter types23
2.7 Mounting Structure24
2.8 Energy Meters24
2.9 Cables and wires24
2.10 Protection devices25
2.11 Grounding system25
2.12 Monitoring and control25
Chapter Three: PV System Design 26
3.1 Introduction27
3.2 PV system types27
3.2.1 On-grid PV system27
3.2.2 Off-grid PV system29
3.3 Solar irradiance and irradiation30
3.4 PV array design32
3.4.1 Design parameters of a PV module32
3.4.2 PV array losses34
3.4.3 Energy consumption and load assessment35
3.4.4 PV array sizing36
3.4.5 PV array orientation36
3.4.6 PV array configuration37
3.5 Inverter design38
3.5.1 Inverter sizing38
3.5.2 Inverter losses39
3.6 Battery design39
3.6.1 Determine battery capacity39
3.6.2 Battery losses40
3.7 Cables and wires design40
3.7.1 Calculating voltage drop40
3.7.2 Selecting a proper cross section41
Chapter Four: Cases of Study 42
4.1 introduction43
4.2 Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) PV solar system43
4.2.1 PV array43
4.2.2 Charge controller44
4.2.3 Inverter45
4.2.4 Battery bank47
4.2.5 System accessories47
4.3 Al Azhar University (AAU) PV solar system50
4.3.1 PV array50
4.3.2 Solar inverter51
4.3.3 Battery bank53
4.3.4 Battery inverter54
4.3.5 Multicluster55
4.3.6 System accessories56
4.4 Deir Elatin School (DES) PV solar system59
4.4.1 PV array59
4.4.2 Solar inverter60
4.4.3 System accessories61
Chapter Five: Simulation Using HOMER Software 64
5.1 Introduction to HOMER software65
5.2 IUG PV solar system simulation65
5.3 DES PV solar system simulation79
5.4 On-grid and off-grid solar PV systems comparison83
5.5 AAU PV solar system simulation86
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